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9 July 2002
Source of maps and photos: Mapquest.com (color) and TerraServer USGS (monochrome).

Source of cable landing maps: Hardcopy maps by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Coast Survey.

Source of list of transpacific fiber-optic cables: http://www.iscpc.org/cabledb/epac_page.htm

See also transatlantic cables: http://eyeball-series.org/cable-eyeball.htm

Cable landing licenses are issued by the Federal Communications Commission for US landings of submarine cables. These licenses describe cable owners, routes and landing stations. Some licenses give geographical coordinates of landing stations. Some but not all licenses:

http://ftp.fcc.gov/ib/pd/pf/scll.html

And see new New Submarine Cable Landing License Rules which took effect March 15, 2002. Changes to the rules are described in a Public Notice. New Rules with Report & Order.

Coastal navigation chart symbol for active cables is the serpentine line.


Eyeballing

Transpacific Cable Landings
Western US

Source: Excerpted from hardcopy of "Global communications Cable and Satellite Map 2002,"
purchased from www.telegeography.com

Harbour Pointe, Lynnwood and Seattle, WA

Fiber-optic cable:

AUFS Alaska United Cable System
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
In-Service: Feb 1999
Seattle, Washington, USA -- Juneau, Alaska, USA -- Whittier, Alaska, USA -- Valdez, Alaska, USA - 3,751 km at 4 x 2.5 Gb/s Maintenance Authorities: GCI, AT&T

PC1
(Updated 20 October 2000 - Global Crossing)
In-Service: Dec 1999 – North Ring; Nov 2000 – South Ring
Grover Beach, CA (US) - Harbor Pointe, WA (US) - Ajigaura (Japan) - Shima (Japan) 21,000 km at 4 x 20 Gb/s Maintenance Authority: Global Crossing


47N 51' 57"
122W 19' 53"

USGS photo 10 Jul 1990


Harbour Pointe and Lynnwood

Nedonna Beach and Hillsboro, OR

Fiber-optic cable:

NorthStar
(Updated 16 October 2000 - Telstra)
In-Service: Oct 1999
Nedonna Beach, Oregon, U.S.A. -- Branch Juneau, Alaska, U.S.A. -- Whittier, Alaska, USA -- Valdez, Alaska, USA - 3,352 km at 6 x 2.5 Gb/s Maintenance Authority: WCI Cable

Southern Cross Cable Network
(Updated 20 May 2002 - SCCL)
In-Service: Nov 2000
Segment E: Morro Bay, California, US Mainland to Hillsboro, Oregon, US Mainland
Segment F2: Hillsboro, Oregon, US Mainland to Nedonna Beach, Oregon, US Mainland
Segment F1: Nedonna Beach, Oregon, US Mainland to Kahe Point, Ohau, Hawaiian Islands
Each fibre pair is capable of being upgraded to 160Gbit/s. Capacity on the segments is divided into 3 SDH rings comprising:
Total cumulative length of the segments is approximately 30,500km. Maintenance Authority: Southern Cross Cables Limited (SCCL) through CW Optus, TNZ, Verizon, Worldcom and Fintel


Nedonna Beach is just south of Nehalem Beach.

45N 38' 34"
123W 56' 40"

USGS photo 30 Aug 1994


Coos Bay and Bandon, OR

Fiber-optic cable:

China-US Cable Network
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
Under Construction: RFS Dec 1998
San Luis Obispo, Calif, USA -- Tanguisson Point, Guam -- Okinawa -- Shantou, China -- Fangshan, Taiwan -- Chongming, China -- Pusan, Korea -- Chikura, Japan -- Bandon, Oregon, USA - approx. 30,000 km at 4 x 20 Gb/s Maintenance Authorities: AT&T, ITDC, CT, NTT, KT, KDDI

Tyco Transpacific
(Entered 10 April 2001, Tyco)
Planned RFS: June 2002
Ring system with a maximum capacity of 5.12 Tb/s. Seg 1 - Emi, Japan to Nedonna Beach, Oregon, USA 8338 km Seg 2 - Toyohashi, Japan to Piti, Guam 2741 km Seg 3 - Agat, Guam to Lualualei, Hawaii, USA 6604 km Seg 4 - Kahe Point, Hawaii, USA to Hermosa Beach, California, USA 4445 km Seg 5 - Hermosa Beach, California, USA to Twin Rocks, Oregon, USA 2064 km Maintenance Authority: Tyco

43N 15' 41"
124W 23' 05"

USGS photo 27 May 1994


Pacific City, OR (not shown on large map above)

Fiber-optic cable:

NPC North Pacific Cable
In-Service: May 1991
Pacific City, Oregon U.S. -- (Miura, Japan): branch Oregon to Seward, Alaska. 9,531 km at 3 x 420 Mb/s, 1 x 420 Mb/s Maintenance Authority:  PT Cable, Inc. (C&W IDC, C&W plc)

45N 11' 59"
123W 58' 22"

USGS photo 6 May 1994


Manchester and Point Arena, CA

Fiber-optic cables:

TPC-4 Trans-Pacific Cable No. 4
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
In-Service: Oct 1992
Manchester, California U.S. -- Port Alberni, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada -- (Chikura, Japan) 9,843 km at 560 Mb/s  Maintenance Authorities: AT&T, TCI, KDDI

Japan-US Cable
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
In-Service: 2000
The Japan-U.S. Cable Network consists of 9 segments connecting 3 landing points in the United States and 3 landing points in Japan with approximately 21,000km of 8 fiber submarine cable in a 100% self-healing ring configuration. The Network uses state-of-the-art SDH technology to provide an ultimate capacity better than 160Gbits/s per fiber pair for a minimum design capacity of 640Gbits/s. Maintenance Authorities: MCI-WorldCom, AT&T, KDDI, Japan Telecom,  NTTWN

HAW-4 Hawaii - US Mainland No. 4
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
In-Service: 18 April 1989
Point Arena, California, U.S.A. -- Makaha, Oahu, Hawaii U.S.A. 4,238 km at 280 Mb/s Maintenance Authorities: AT&T, Hawaiian Telephone Company

39N 00' 19"
123W 41' 52"

USGS photo 11 Sep 1998


Morro Bay, San Luis Obispo, Grover Beach and Hermosa Beach, CA,

Fiber-optic Cables:

TPC-5 Trans-Pacific Cable No. 5
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
In Service: Dec 1996 San Luis Obispo, California, U.S.A. -- Keawaula, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Tumon Bay, Guam, U.S.A. -- Miyazaki, Japan -- Ninomiya, Japan -- Bandon, Oregon, U.S.A. -- San Luis Obispo, California, U.S.A. 24,593km at 2 x 5 Gb/s Maintenance Authorities:- AT&T, KDDI

PC1
(Updated 20 October 2000 - Global Crossing)
In-Service: Dec 1999 – North Ring; Nov 2000 – South Ring
Grover Beach, CA (US) - Harbor Pointe, WA (US) - Ajigaura (Japan) - Shima (Japan) 21,000 km at 4 x 20 Gb/s Maintenance Authority: Global Crossing

PAC
(Updated 20 October 2000 - Global Crossing)
In Service: Nov 2000
Grover Beach, CA (US) - Tijuana (Mexico) - Mazatlán (Mexico) - Fort Amador (Panama) - Puerto Viejo (Venezuela) - St. Croix (USVI) 9,500km at 2 x 10 Gb/s Maintenance Authority: Global Crossing

HAW-5 Hawaii - US Mainland No. 5
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
In-Service: Jan 1993
San Luis Obispo, California U.S. -- Keawaula, Hawaii U.S. 4,775km at 560 Mb/s Maintenance Authority: AT&T

Southern Cross Cable Network
(Updated 20 May 2002 - SCCL)
In-Service: Nov 2000
Segment D: Spencer Beach, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands to Morro Bay, California, US Mainland
Segment E: Morro Bay, California, US Mainland to Hillsboro, Oregon, US Mainland

China-US Cable Network
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
Under Construction: RFS Dec 1998
San Luis Obispo, Calif, USA -- Tanguisson Point, Guam -- Okinawa -- Shantou, China -- Fangshan, Taiwan -- Chongming, China -- Pusan, Korea -- Chikura, Japan -- Bandon, Oregon, USA - approx. 30,000 km at 4 x 20 Gb/s Maintenance Authorities: AT&T, ITDC, CT, NTT, KT, KDDI

Japan-US Cable
(Updated 23 May 2002 - AT&T)
In-Service: 2000
The Japan-U.S. Cable Network consists of 9 segments connecting 3 landing points in the United States and 3 landing points in Japan with approximately 21,000km of 8 fiber submarine cable in a 100% self-healing ring configuration. The Network uses state-of-the-art SDH technology to provide an ultimate capacity better than 160Gbits/s per fiber pair for a minimum design capacity of 640Gbits/s. Maintenance Authorities: MCI-WorldCom, AT&T, KDDI, Japan Telecom,  NTTWN

Tyco Transpacific
(Entered 10 April 2001, Tyco)
Planned RFS: June 2002
Ring system with a maximum capacity of 5.12 Tb/s. Seg 1 - Emi, Japan to Nedonna Beach, Oregon, USA 8338 km Seg 2 - Toyohashi, Japan to Piti, Guam 2741 km Seg 3 - Agat, Guam to Lualualei, Hawaii, USA 6604 km Seg 4 - Kahe Point, Hawaii, USA to Hermosa Beach, California, USA 4445 km Seg 5 - Hermosa Beach, California, USA to Twin Rocks, Oregon, USA 2064 km Maintenance Authority: Tyco

35N 17' 48"
120W 52' 46"

USGS photo 28 May 1994


Hawaiian Islands, HI

Fiber-optic cables:

HICS Hawaii Inter-Island Cable System
In Service: 20 July 1994
Lihue Terminal, Wailua Point, Kauai, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Ko Olina Terminal, Kahe Point, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. & Koko Head Terminal, Sandy Beach, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Kihei Terminal, Mokapu, Maui, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Kawaihae Terminal, Spencer Beach, Hawaii, U.S.A. 479.081 km at 2.5 Gb/s/622 Mb/s Maintenance Authority: GTE Hawaiian Telephone Company

HIFN Hawaii Island Fibre Network
In Service: June 1997
Lihue, Kauai, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Makaha, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Keawaula, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Sandy Beach, Oahu, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Kihei, Maui, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Manele Bay, Lanai, Hawaii, U.S.A. -- Spencer Beach, Hawaii, U.S.A. 529 km at 2.5 Gb/s/622 Mb/s Maintenance Authority: GST

Southern Cross Cable Network
(Updated 20 May 2002 - SCCL)
In-Service: Nov 2000
Segment C: Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand to Spencer Beach, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands
Segment D: Spencer Beach, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands to Morro Bay, California, US Mainland
Segment F1: Nedonna Beach, Oregon, US Mainland to Kahe Point, Ohau, Hawaiian Islands
Segment G1: Kahe Point, Ohau, Hawaiian Islands to Suva, Fiji
Segment I: Spencer Beach, Hawaii, Hawaiian Islands to Kahe Point, Ohau, Hawaiian Islands

Tyco Transpacific
(Entered 10 April 2001, Tyco)
Planned RFS: June 2002
Ring system with a maximum capacity of 5.12 Tb/s. Seg 1 - Emi, Japan to Nedonna Beach, Oregon, USA 8338 km Seg 2 - Toyohashi, Japan to Piti, Guam 2741 km Seg 3 - Agat, Guam to Lualualei, Hawaii, USA 6604 km Seg 4 - Kahe Point, Hawaii, USA to Hermosa Beach, California, USA 4445 km Seg 5 - Hermosa Beach, California, USA to Twin Rocks, Oregon, USA 2064 km Maintenance Authority: Tyco